Bordeaux
AOC; 1855 Classification (Médoc & Sauternes); Saint-Émilion Classification; Graves Classification
The benchmark for Cabernet- and Merlot-based blends, from Left Bank Médoc classed growths to Right Bank Pomerol and the sweet wines of Sauternes.
Cabernet Sauvignon · Merlot · Cabernet Franc · Petit Verdot · Carménère · Malbec · Sauvignon Blanc · Sémillon
Burgundy
AOC; Grand Cru, Premier Cru, Village and Regional appellations
The spiritual home of Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, where a mosaic of tiny climats is ranked from regional wines up to grands crus.
Pinot Noir · Chardonnay · Gamay
Champagne
AOC; Échelle des Crus (Grand Cru / Premier Cru villages)
The world's most celebrated traditional-method sparkling wine, blended from Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier and aged at least 15 months (36 for vintage).
Chardonnay · Pinot Noir
Northern Rhône
AOC; crus incl. Côte-Rôtie, Hermitage, Cornas, Saint-Joseph, Condrieu
Steep granite slopes produce the world's reference Syrah in Hermitage and Côte-Rôtie, alongside the perfumed Viognier of Condrieu.
Syrah / Shiraz · Viognier
Southern Rhône
AOC; Côtes du Rhône, Côtes du Rhône Villages, crus incl. Châteauneuf-du-Pape, Gigondas
Sun-baked, Grenache-led blends, epitomised by Châteauneuf-du-Pape with its famous galets roulés stones, plus the sweet Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise.
Grenache / Garnacha · Syrah / Shiraz · Mourvèdre / Monastrell · Moscato / Muscat
Loire Valley
AOC; incl. Sancerre, Pouilly-Fumé, Vouvray, Savennières, Chinon
France's longest river valley, prized for crisp Sancerre, versatile Chenin Blanc from Vouvray and Savennières, and fragrant Cabernet Franc from Chinon.
Sauvignon Blanc · Chenin Blanc · Cabernet Franc · Gamay
Alsace
AOC Alsace; Alsace Grand Cru (51 lieux-dits); Vendanges Tardives / Sélection de Grains Nobles
Sheltered by the Vosges, one of France's driest regions makes aromatic, varietally labelled whites from Riesling, Gewurztraminer and Pinot Gris.
Riesling · Gewürztraminer · Pinot Grigio / Pinot Gris · Moscato / Muscat · Pinot Noir
Provence
AOC; Côtes de Provence, Bandol; Crus Classés (1955)
The global capital of pale, dry rosé, also home to the age-worthy, Mourvèdre-based reds of Bandol.
Grenache / Garnacha · Syrah / Shiraz · Mourvèdre / Monastrell · Vermentino · Cabernet Sauvignon
Piedmont
DOCG incl. Barolo, Barbaresco, Barbera d'Asti, Asti / Moscato d'Asti; MGA crus
Foggy Alpine foothills that give Barolo and Barbaresco, Italy's most age-worthy Nebbiolo, as well as juicy Barbera and delicate Moscato d'Asti.
Nebbiolo · Barbera · Moscato / Muscat
Tuscany
DOCG incl. Chianti Classico (Gran Selezione), Brunello di Montalcino, Vino Nobile di Montepulciano; Bolgheri DOC; IGT Toscana
The heartland of Sangiovese in Chianti Classico and Montalcino, and birthplace of the Bordeaux-blend Super Tuscans of Bolgheri.
Sangiovese · Cabernet Sauvignon · Merlot · Cabernet Franc · Vermentino
Veneto
DOCG incl. Amarone della Valpolicella, Recioto della Valpolicella, Soave Superiore, Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco Superiore
Home of Amarone, made from Corvina-based grapes dried for months in appassimento, as well as Soave, Prosecco and much of Italy's Pinot Grigio.
Corvina · Pinot Grigio / Pinot Gris
Sicily
DOC Sicilia; Etna DOC; Cerasuolo di Vittoria DOCG; Marsala DOC
The Mediterranean's largest island, known for sun-ripened Nero d'Avola, volcanic Etna wines and the fortified Marsala and sweet Passito di Pantelleria.
Nero d'Avola · Syrah / Shiraz · Moscato / Muscat
Rioja
DOCa (since 1991); Crianza, Reserva, Gran Reserva; Viñedos Singulares
Spain's most famous red region, celebrated for long oak-aged Tempranillo blends across Rioja Alta, Rioja Alavesa and Rioja Oriental.
Tempranillo · Grenache / Garnacha
Ribera del Duero
DO; Crianza, Reserva, Gran Reserva
High-altitude plateau vineyards make powerful, concentrated Tinto Fino (Tempranillo), led by Vega Sicilia and Pingus.
Tempranillo · Cabernet Sauvignon · Merlot · Malbec
Priorat
DOQ (DOCa); Vi de Vila, Vi de Finca, Gran Vinya Classificada
Steep terraces of llicorella slate yield tiny crops of intense, mineral Garnacha and Cariñena-based reds.
Grenache / Garnacha · Syrah / Shiraz · Cabernet Sauvignon · Merlot
Douro
DOC Douro; DOC Porto (Vintage, LBV, Tawny); vineyard grading A–F
The terraced schist valley that gives Port and, increasingly, world-class dry reds from field blends led by Touriga Nacional.
Touriga Nacional · Tempranillo
Mosel
Qualitätswein & Prädikatswein (Kabinett to Trockenbeerenauslese); VDP.Grosse Lage
Vertiginous slate slopes along the river produce the world's most delicate, low-alcohol Rieslings, from dry to Trockenbeerenauslese.
Riesling
Rheingau
Prädikatswein; VDP.Grosse Lage / Grosses Gewächs; Erste Lage
South-facing slopes on the Rhine's east-west stretch make powerful, aristocratic Riesling, plus fine Spätburgunder from Assmannshausen.
Riesling · Pinot Noir
Wachau
Wachau DAC (Gebietswein, Ortswein, Riedenwein); Vinea Wachau: Steinfeder, Federspiel, Smaragd
Terraced Danube slopes famed for mineral, age-worthy dry Grüner Veltliner and Riesling, graded by ripeness from Steinfeder to Smaragd.
Grüner Veltliner · Riesling
Tokaj
Tokaji PDO; Aszú, Eszencia, Szamorodni; historic 1730s vineyard classification
Volcanic hills where autumn mists bring noble rot, giving the legendary sweet Tokaji Aszú and Eszencia as well as fine dry Furmint.
Furmint · Moscato / Muscat
Napa Valley
AVA; nested AVAs incl. Oakville, Rutherford, Stags Leap District, Howell Mountain
America's most prestigious region, synonymous with opulent, ripe Cabernet Sauvignon and the cult wines of Oakville and Rutherford.
Cabernet Sauvignon · Merlot · Cabernet Franc · Petit Verdot · Chardonnay · Sauvignon Blanc · Zinfandel / Primitivo
Sonoma County
AVA; incl. Russian River Valley, Sonoma Coast, Dry Creek Valley, Alexander Valley
A diverse, fog-cooled county prized for Russian River Pinot Noir and Chardonnay, old-vine Dry Creek Zinfandel and Alexander Valley Cabernet.
Pinot Noir · Chardonnay · Zinfandel / Primitivo · Cabernet Sauvignon · Sauvignon Blanc
Willamette Valley
AVA; nested AVAs incl. Dundee Hills, Eola-Amity Hills, Ribbon Ridge
Oregon's cool, rainy valley makes elegant, Burgundian-style Pinot Noir and increasingly acclaimed Chardonnay.
Pinot Noir · Chardonnay · Pinot Grigio / Pinot Gris
Mendoza
DOC Luján de Cuyo, DOC San Rafael; Geographical Indications (IG) incl. Valle de Uco, Paraje Altamira, Gualtallary
High-altitude desert vineyards at the foot of the Andes, irrigated by snowmelt, have made Mendoza the world capital of Malbec.
Malbec · Cabernet Sauvignon · Cabernet Franc · Chardonnay · Torrontés
Maipo & Colchagua
DO Valle Central (Valle del Maipo, Valle de Colchagua); Costa / Entre Cordilleras / Andes designations
Chile's Central Valley heartland: Maipo for structured Andes-foothill Cabernet Sauvignon and Colchagua for rich Carménère and red blends.
Cabernet Sauvignon · Carménère · Merlot · Syrah / Shiraz · Cabernet Franc
Barossa
GI (Barossa Valley, Eden Valley); Barossa Old Vine Charter
Home to some of the world's oldest ungrafted vines, producing rich, full-bodied Shiraz, while cooler Eden Valley is renowned for Riesling.
Syrah / Shiraz · Grenache / Garnacha · Mourvèdre / Monastrell · Cabernet Sauvignon · Riesling · Sémillon
Marlborough
GI; Appellation Marlborough Wine (AMW); subregions Wairau Valley, Southern Valleys, Awatere Valley
Sunny days and cold nights give the pungent, zesty Sauvignon Blanc that put New Zealand on the world wine map.
Sauvignon Blanc · Pinot Noir · Chardonnay · Pinot Grigio / Pinot Gris · Riesling
Central Otago
GI; subregions incl. Bannockburn, Gibbston, Bendigo, Cromwell
One of the world's southernmost wine regions, a dramatic, continental mountain landscape making vivid, intensely fruited Pinot Noir.
Pinot Noir · Riesling · Pinot Grigio / Pinot Gris · Chardonnay
Stellenbosch
Wine of Origin (WO) district; wards incl. Simonsberg-Stellenbosch, Jonkershoek Valley, Banghoek
South Africa's most renowned district, cooled by False Bay breezes, known for Cabernet-based blends, Pinotage and old-vine Chenin Blanc.
Cabernet Sauvignon · Pinotage · Chenin Blanc · Syrah / Shiraz · Merlot · Cabernet Franc
Serra Gaúcha (Vale dos Vinhedos)
DO Vale dos Vinhedos (Brazil's first IP, 2002; DO, 2012); IPs incl. Pinto Bandeira, Altos Montes, Farroupilha
Brazil's historic heart of winemaking, founded by Italian immigrants, best known for traditional-method sparkling wines, Merlot and aromatic Moscatel espumante.
Merlot · Chardonnay · Pinot Noir · Cabernet Franc · Tannat · Moscato / Muscat
Campanha Gaúcha
IP Campanha Gaúcha (2020)
Sunny, drier rolling plains on the Uruguayan border that produce Brazil's ripest still reds, notably Tannat and Cabernet Sauvignon.
Tannat · Cabernet Sauvignon · Merlot · Chardonnay · Sauvignon Blanc · Pinot Noir
Canelones
INAVI; VCP (Vino de Calidad Preferente)
Uruguay's main wine department, near Montevideo, where Atlantic-influenced vineyards have made Tannat the country's signature grape.
Tannat · Merlot · Albariño / Alvarinho · Cabernet Franc
Ningxia (Helan Mountain East)
GI Helan Mountain East Foothills; Ningxia winery classification (since 2013)
China's leading fine-wine region on the dry, high-altitude foothills of the Helan Mountains, where vines must be buried each winter to survive the cold.
Cabernet Sauvignon · Merlot · Cabernet Franc · Chardonnay