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Crypto Rules in Brazil: The Law, the Banco Central and the Receita
Crypto & Currencies

Crypto Rules in Brazil: The Law, the Banco Central and the Receita

Brazil now has a crypto law, a regulator, licensing rules and a new tax report. What each one means for you in 2026.

MAN TARGET EditorsOctober 26, 2026 3 min read

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For years, Brazilian crypto lived in a grey zone: popular, taxed, but without a dedicated regulator. That has changed. Between 2022 and 2026 the country built a full stack of rules, from a framework law to licensing by the central bank and detailed reporting to the tax authority. If you hold crypto in Brazil, or are a Brazilian tax resident holding it abroad, these are the four layers to know, and the dates that matter most.

The legal framework

  • Law 14,478, of 21 December 2022, the crypto legal framework, defined virtual assets and virtual-asset service providers and set principles such as customer protection and anti-money-laundering controls.
  • The same law created a specific crime of fraud using virtual assets in the Penal Code.
  • Decree 11,563, of June 2023, named the Banco Central do Brasil as the regulator and supervisor of crypto service providers.
  • Tokens that qualify as securities remain under the CVM, Brazil's securities regulator.
Brazil chose the central bank, not a new agency, to police crypto. That puts exchanges in the same rulebook as banks and FX houses.
Since February 2026, crypto providers in Brazil need Banco Central authorisation.
Since February 2026, crypto providers in Brazil need Banco Central authorisation.

The Banco Central's 2025 rules

On 10 November 2025 the Banco Central published Resolutions 519, 520 and 521, in force since 2 February 2026. They create SPSAVs, virtual-asset service companies, in three types: intermediaries, custodians and brokers that do both. Resolution 520 sets how they obtain authorisation. Resolution 521 brings international crypto transactions, which directly affects stablecoins, into the foreign-exchange market, with reporting to the central bank from May 2026. The final rules kept self-custody legal, provided the owner of the self-custodied wallet can be identified when assets move in or out of a regulated provider.

What the Receita Federal wants to know

  • Normative Instruction RFB 2,291, published in November 2025, created DeCripto and replaced the 2019 rule, IN 1,888.
  • Service providers resident in Brazil or serving Brazilians report operations; annual reporting aligned with the OECD's crypto framework started in January 2026.
  • Since 1 July 2026, individuals who trade on foreign exchanges, DeFi platforms or directly peer to peer must report when monthly operations exceed R$35,000.
  • Holdings still go on the annual income tax return under Bens e Direitos, group 08, valued at acquisition cost.

Risk note: this article is general information, not legal, tax or investment advice. Rules and deadlines change, and penalties apply for missed reports, so keep records of every purchase, sale and transfer, with dates and values in reais. Confirm your situation with a Brazilian lawyer or accountant (contador) before acting.

Key takeaways

  • Law 14,478/2022 set the legal framework; a 2023 decree named the Banco Central as regulator.
  • BCB Resolutions 519, 520 and 521 have governed crypto providers since 2 February 2026.
  • International crypto transfers, including stablecoins, now fall under foreign-exchange rules.
  • Since July 2026, DeCripto requires monthly reports, including from some individuals.
#crypto brazil#banco central#receita federal#regulation#decripto

FAQ

Who regulates crypto in Brazil?

The Banco Central do Brasil supervises crypto service providers under Law 14,478/2022 and Decree 11,563/2023. The CVM covers tokens that qualify as securities.

When did the Banco Central crypto rules take effect?

Resolutions 519, 520 and 521, published on 10 November 2025, took effect on 2 February 2026.

Do I have to file DeCripto as an individual?

Yes, if you are a Brazilian tax resident trading outside Brazilian providers, such as on foreign exchanges, DeFi or peer to peer, and your monthly operations exceed R$35,000.

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